Ticonderoga class cruiser

The Ticonderoga class of missile cruisers is a class of warships in the United States Navy , first ordered and authorized in FY 1978. The class uses phased-array radar and was originally planned as a class of destroyers. However, the increased combat capability offered by the Aegis combat system and the AN/SPY-1 radar system was used to justify the change of the classification from DDG (guided missile destroyer) to CG (guided missile cruiser) shortly before the keels of Ticonderoga and Yorktown were laid down.
Of the twenty-seven built vessels, nineteen were built by Ingalls Shipbuilding and eight by Bath Iron Works (BIW). All but one (Thomas S. Gates) of the ships in the class are named for noteworthy events in U.S. military history, and at least twelve; Ticonderoga, Cowpens, Anzio, Yorktown, Valley Forge, Bunker Hill, Antietam, San Jacinto, Lake Champlain, Philippine Sea, Princeton, Monterey, and Vella Gulf; share their names with World War II aircraft carriers.

Iran Air Flight 655 Shot Down

One ship of the class, the USS Vincennes, became infamous in 1988 when she shot down Iran Air Flight 655, resulting in 290 civilian fatalities. The captain of the Vincennes, William C. Rogers III, had believed the airliner was an Iranian Air Force F-14 Tomcat jet fighter on an attack vector, based on reports of (misinterpreted) radar returns.

Interception of United States satellite USA-193

On 14 February 2008, the United States Department of Defense announced that the USS Shiloh (CG-67) and USS Lake Erie (CG-70) would attempt to hit the dead satellite USA-193 in the north Pacific just prior to burn up during a period after February 20 using a modified SM-3 missile. On 20 February 2008, at approximately 22:30 EST (21 Feb, 03:30 UTC), the missile was fired from Lake Erie and struck the satellite. The military intended that the kinetic energy of the missile would rupture the hydrazine fuel tank allowing the toxic fuel to be consumed during re-entry. The Department of Defense later confirmed that the fuel tank had been directly hit by the missile.

Retirement

Due to a Congressional requirement, stated in the Budget Control Act of 2011, to cut the Defense Budget for FY2013 and subsequent years, plans are being formulated to decommission seven of of the 22 in the cruiser class. The retirements will begin in FY2013 and continue through early FY2015. Ships mentioned to be decommissioned include Vicksburg, Chancellorsville, and Leyte Gulf, as they have yet to receive the BMD radar and SM-3 upgrades of the other ships in the class.

Design

Vertical Launching System

In addition to the added radar capability, the Ticonderoga class built after the Thomas S. Gates are outfitted with two Vertical Launching Systems (or VLS). The two VLS allow the ship to have 122 missile storage and launching tubes that can carry a wide variety of missiles, including the Tomahawk cruise missile, the Standard surface-to-air missile, the Evolved Sea Sparrow surface-to-air missile, and the ASROC anti-submarine warfare missile. More importantly, the VLS enables all missiles to be on full stand-by at any given time, shortening the ship's response time. The original five warships, including the Thomas S. Gates, had Mk 26 twin-arm launchers which limited their missile capacity to a total of 88 missiles, and could not fire the Tomahawk missile. After the end of the Cold War, the lower capabilities of the original five warships limited them to duties close to the home waters of the U.S. These ship's cluttered superstructure, inherited from the Spruance class destroyers, required two of their external radar units to be mounted on a special pallet on the portside aft corner of the superstructure, with the other two mounted on the forward starboard corner. Later AEGIS warships, designed from-the-keel-up to carry the SPY-1 radars, have them all clustered together. The high weight of the ships - 1,500 tons heavier than the "Spru-cans", resulted in a highly-stressed hull and some structural problems in early service, which were generally corrected in the late 1980s and mid-1990s. Several ships had superstructure cracks which had to be repaired.

Upgrades

Originally, the Navy had intended to replace its fleet of Ticonderoga-class guided missile cruisers with cruisers produced as part of the CG(X) missile cruiser program; however, severe budget cuts from the 21st century surface combatant program coupled with the increasing cost of the Zumwalt-class guided missile destroyer program have led to widespread rumors that the CG(X) program was canceled. The Ticonderoga class will instead be replaced by Flight III Arleigh Burke class destroyers.
All five of the twin-arm (Mk-26) cruisers have been decommissioned. In 2003, the newer 22 of the 27 ships (CG-52 to CG-73) in the class were upgraded to keep them combat-relevant, giving the ships a service life of 35 years each. In the years leading up to their decommissioning, the five twin-arm ships had been assigned primarily home-waters duties, acting as command ships for destroyer squadrons assigned to the eastern Pacific and western Atlantic areas.